Volume 1

The Jewish encyclopedia : a descriptive record of the history, religion, literature, and customs of the Jewish people from the earliest times to the present day / prepared ... under the direction of ... Cyrus Adler [and others] Isidore Singer ... managing editor.

Date:: 1901-1906

Credit: The Jewish encyclopedia : a descriptive record of the history, religion, literature, and customs of the Jewish people from the earliest times to the present day / prepared ... under the direction of ... Cyrus Adler [and others] Isidore Singer ... managing editor. Source: Wellcome Collection.

161/752 (page 113)

$Abraham ben Isaac Shalom Abraham ha-Levi the beginning of the nineteenth century. He wrote I two commentaries on the Pentateucli; “ Torat Emet ” ' (The Teaching of the Trutli) and “Oheb Yisrael ” (The Lover of Israel). In both works Abraham gives four different explanations of the Scripture: the lit- I eral, the homiletic, the allegoric, and the mystic. I Bibliography : Walden, Shem ha^Gedollm he-Hadash, n. 13. I. Br. ABRAHAM BEN JOSIAH OF JERUSA- LEM : A Karaite author, who flourished in the first half of the eighteenth century. He went from Palestine to the Crimea, where, in 1712, he finished “Emunah Omen,” a work on Karaite theology, ed- ited by Jacob ben Abraham Eirkovitch, Eupatoria, 1846. He treats of divinity and the immutability of the Law, on the main issues between Karaite and ' Rabbinite doctrines, and on the relations of science to religion. Without exhibiting any originality of thought, the work is remarkable as displaying the thorough familiarity of the author with the entire , rabbinical literature; it shows also the high esteem ! in which he held such authorities as Maimonides and Ibn Ezra. In 1715, under the pseudonym Abraham Kalai (after the town in which he resided at the time), he wrote, under the title (“ Shaol Shaal ”), a work on the rules for the slaughtering of animals, a favorite Karaitic subject. Jost’s doubts as to his identitywith Abraham Yerushalmi were dispelled b}' Gottlober, “Bikkoret le-Toledot ha-Karalm,” p. 151. K. ABRAHAM BEN JOSIAH HA-ROFE: A Karaitic scholar and physician, born in Troki, a town near Wilna, in Lithuania, about 1636; died there in 1688. He was one of the leading scliolars of his time, and, according to Karaitic tradition, a disciple of Joseph Solomon Delmedigo. In his later years he was appointed physician in ordinarj^ to King John Sobieski (1674-96). He wrote a number of works I on medicine and natural science, which, however, I were never printed. Bibliography; Neubauer, Aus der Petersburger BiMio- thek, pp. 72, 128; Fuenn, Keneset Yisrael, pp. 28 ct seq. S. M. D. ABRAHAM JUD,ffiUS. See Abr-aham ibn ABRAHAM JUDJEUS MEDICUS. See Abra- ham BEN ShEM-Tob. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH : Flourished in the thirteenth century at Barcelona, Spain. According to De Rossi (“Dizionario.” p. 237) there is, among the manuscripts of the Vatican library, an unpub- lished philosophical work by him, in four parts, ( called “ Arba'ah Turim ” (The Four Rows), which I treats of God’s existence, of divine providence, of the reasons for the Mosaic laws, and of the purpose of the Jewish prayers. M. K. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH : A physician who I wrote in Hebrew a medical ivork, “ Mareot ha-She- tanim” (Aspects of the Urine); date of birth and death unknown. According to a statement in the intro- I Auction, the author intended his work to be a guide ' for young practitioners and a reference book for lay- 1 men. He promised, also, to make a compilation on this same subject, drawn from the writings of the best authorities. It is not unlikely that his book is only an extract from the work on urine written by IsA.AC ISR.AELi, who died about 950. Bibliogr.vphy ; Steiaschneider, Hebr. Uebers. p. 759. L. G. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH BERLIN: Ger- I man rabbi; died at Amsterdam March 13, 1730; I—8 son of the famous court Jew, Jost Liebman. and dis- ciple of Isaiah Horowitz, the second of that name at Posen. He was rabbi in Halberstadt in 1692 (Auer- bach, “Geschichte der Israelitischen Gemeinde Hal- berstadt,” 1866, p. 331), and in 1715 or 1717 he was called to Ainsterclani, where until his death he offi- ciated as rabbi and preacher. He left no work be- hind him, and, judging from his contributions to the works of others, he does not appear to have ]ios- sessed any originality, as shown by the responsa DnB'n pN by Eliakim Goetz, rabbi of Hildesheim, No. 56 (Dyhernfurth, 1733), and also by Abraham's scholastic notes on the Talmud, found in the collec- tion min’ b'\p of Judah Loeb beii Hanina Selig of Glogau, Amsterdam, 1729; reprinted various times, and lastly at Lublin, 1897. Bibliography : Michael, Or ha^Hayyim, No. 107. D. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH DE BOTON, See Boton, Abraham ben Judah de. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH EBERLEN. See Eberlen, Abraham ben Judah. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH ELIMELECH (ALMALIK): A cabalistic writer who lived at Pe- saro (Italy) about the end of the fifteenth century and was probably a Spanish exile. He wrote a book entitled “Likkute Shikhah u-Peah ” (Gleanings), a cabalistic commentary on haggadic portions of the Talmud. In its preface the autlior gives some detail of his life. It was published, together with Josejih ben Hay3’im’s commentary on the Ten Sefirot, and Joseph Giquitilla’s treatise on cabalistic subjects, Ferrara, 1556. Bibliography: Michael, Or ba-Hayyim, No. 106; Benjacob, Ozar ha-Sefarim, No. 310, p. 267’. J. L. S. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH ^ADIDA. See Hadida, Abraham ben Judah. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH IBN l^AYYIM. See Hayyim, Abrah.am ben Judah ibn. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH LOEB. See Maskii.i.e.ison. Abr.vham. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH LOEB SARA- VAL. See Saravau, Abraham ben Judah Loeb. ABRAHAM BEN JUDAH SEGRE. See Segre, Abraham ben Judah. ABRAHAM KABASSI. See Kabassi, Abra- HA.M. ABRAHAM KIMHI. See Kimhi, Abraham. ABRAHAM KIRIMI. See Kirimi, Abra- HA.M. ABRAHAM KLAUSNER. See Kuacsner, Abraham. ABRAHAM KOLISKER. See Kolisker, Abraha.m. ABRAHAM KONAT BEN SOLOMON. See CoNAT, Abraha.m, ben Souomon. ABRAHAM LANIADO BEN ISAAC. See Laniado. Abraham, ben Isaac. ABRAHAM LANIADO BEN SAMUEL. See Laniado, Abraham, ben Samuel ABRAHAM OF LERIDA: Physician, sur- geon, and astrologer. All that is known of him is that, on September 12, 1468. he couched a cataract in the right eye of King John II. of Aragon, and afterward was equally successful with the left eye. Bibliography: Kayserling, Gescli. der Juden in Portugal, p. 88, note 2. M. K. ABRAHAM HA-LEVI. See Abraham ben Isaac ha-Levi. I$