Report on lunatic asylums / by Fredc. Norton Manning.
- Manning, Frederick Norton, 1839-1903.
- Date:
- 1868
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Report on lunatic asylums / by Fredc. Norton Manning. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by King’s College London. The original may be consulted at King’s College London.
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![3-1 liandsouie buildiug, in the perpendicular style, but tlie majority of English asylums are striking rather from their size than their beauty. In America the asylums are frequently ornamented by handsome classic fronts, as at Utica, Trenton, and Philadelphia. On the Continent the asylums do not markedly differ in style from those in Great Britain. AV^vTEE Supply. This inijuiiT will include— 1. The source and mode of supply. 2. Quantity. 3. Storage. 4. Precaution against fire. And subsequently, the arrangements for, and fittings in batli rooms and lava- tories. The sources are— a. The ordinary town supplv. I. Wells. c. Punning streams. • (1. Springs. e. Surface drainage. a. Towni Supply.—The majority of asylums built near towns are supplied from tlic ordinary town water works, and the facility with which water is thus o])tained, as well as the diminished cost, are strong arguments for placing an asylum as near a town as po.^sible. Prestwich, Grloucester, Leicester, Montrose, St. Anne's Paris, Hamburg. Frankfort, and other asylums are thus supplied. With the supply from a town, eithei- tanks mav be entirely dispensed with, as at Hamburg and St. Anne's—or placed over the wards, as at Prestwich and Grloucester—or one large tank may be employed, as at Montrose, where the asylum is more than 2 miles from the town. h. From Wells.—The majority of those asylums situated at a distance from town, aud some of those, as Colney Hatch and Stafford, within the reach of town water, are supplied from wells, which are either artesian or of ordinary construction. Artesian wells are in use at Colney Hatch and the Sussex County. At the Three Counties there is a fine well with headings, capable of containing a reserve supply of 60,000 gallons. The Cupar, Haddington, Derby, Ghent, Gottingen, Quatre Mares, and other asylums, also obtain their supplies from wells; and with tAvo or three exceptions, to be presently mentioned, the .supply is obtained by means of steam pumps. The water is raised to large tanks, placed either in tow^ers distinct from or at the ends or over the centre of the building, and thus distributed by gravitation, either direct to pipes, as at Sussex, oi through miuoi tanks placed over the wards, as at Colney Hatch. At Quatre Mares a w^indmill aud hand pumps are used, and are far from effectual. At Guislam's Asylum there is a well in each court, and only small tanks ; and pumping water is a constant, monotonous, and distasteful labour for the patients. At Haddington, a small asylum for too inmates, the pump is worked by a horse ; and this method answers well. c. From Eunning Streams.—This plan is adopted at the French asylums of Fvreux and Ville Evrard ; at the latter, the River Marne is the source. At Harrisburg, in the United States, and at Worcester, the water is in each case passed through filters, and raised to a general reservoir or water tower, and then distributed at once, or through minor tanks by gravitation. Steam power is used for raising the ^vater, except at Evreux, where an extremely ingenious hydraulic pump, or belier hydraulique, is in use. The water is by this raised to a neighbouring hill, and passes through filters of sand, charcoal, and gravel, into a large tank, from which it flows to the house. d. Springs.—This is the most usual source of supply in American institutions, and is the entire source also at the Essex and Bristol Asylums, and at Meerenberg in Holland, (where the water flows from the neighbouring sand liills), and it is the chief one at the New Surrey. Here, the water is first received into reservoirs, generally placed at some distance from the asylum, is pumped from them into tanks over or near the build- ing, and so distributed by gravitation.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21292450_0042.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
