Original remarks on the general framing of the horse ... / by B.C.

  • Bracy Clark
Date:
1842
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Original remarks on the general framing of the horse ... / by B.C. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    21/30 page 13
    REFERENCES TO THE FIGURE. The Head op the Horse, compared with most other quadrupeds, is remarkable for its length and dimensions, formed by an increased size of the cavities of the face, and by the extraordinary elongation and width of the jaws. The actual cavity containing the brain, not occupying more than perhaps a sixteenth or a twentieth part of the entire head, the rest being made up of cavities of thin bone; and there is no prominence or overhanging of the os frontis or its cells in the horse. The eye is sufficiently prominent on the side for him to see before, and also behind him, and quick, full, and globular, gives great animation to the countenance; and when under agreeable excitement, his dilated nostril, broad full lips, and capacious mouth, impart a peculiar vigour and strength of expression, and with a noble generosity of disposition to forgive injuries, that surpasses perhaps every other animal. Parts of the Head, Fig. 1.—The Septum, or longitudinal cartilaginous division of the nose, covered by the Schneiderian or olfactory membrane; it is the seat of catarrhs or colds, various farcy- gleets and ulcerations, and of the true glanders. The blood-vessels are seen ramifying on its surface, enlarged from inflammation and disease. The lower part of the Septum is perfectly white, the cartilage being destitute of its membranous covering abraded by the saw. 2. The Nasal Bones. 3. The Palatine Bones. 4. The Inter-Maxillary Bone holding the upper incisor teeth. 5. The Symphisis of the lower jaw early in life obliterated and forming the lower jaw into one bone. 6. The Tongue. 7. The white dense membrane covering the palate, the lower half of double thickness, forming transverse bars, and is the seat of the tampers, where it rests against and falls below the upper incisor teeth; beyond this the six grinder teeth at the farther side of the mouth are also visible. 8. The Os Frontis and its cavities. 9. The Parietal Bone. 10. The basillary process of the Occipital Bone. 11. The Sphenoidal Bone, forming with the occiput the basis of the skull. 12. The Ethmoidal and its cells. 13. The Cerebrum, or greater brain, with its alternate layers of medullary or white, and cineritious or darker matter. 14. The Cerebellum, or lesser brain, with its white arborescence or arbor vitce, from which proceeds the spinal chord. 15. The Plexus Choroides, is the red near it; Corpus Callosum; and the white bulb near it, the Corpora Quadrigemina: all these parts may be best seen in a section as large as life, of the horse’s head, done by G. Kirtland about the year 1806, with the parts of the throat also in section. 16. Is a remarkable mucous gland lying behind an eminence of bone, called in the human Sella Turcica; it is called the Pineal gland, also the Crus Cerebri. Of the Fauces.—The nostril in quadrupeds generally terminates the face downwards, the mouth being situated behind it, and the lips are here performing the double office of lips and fingers, to which last in section these have a strong resemblance. 17. A capacious opening continued from the left nostril, and passing over the bones of the palate, is seen the chief organ for the admission of air to the lungs. 18. A remarkable convex valve, formed of cartilage, closing the opening of the Tuba Eustachiana or Eustachian Trumpet, or passage leading to the ear; for a particular description of this part, see Plate II of the Section of the head above referred to. 19. The Velum Palati, without a distinct Uvula in the horse. 20. The great cavity of the Fauces, leading into 21, the passage of the (Esophagus or Gullet, lined throughout with a thick white membrane or cuticle, loosely adhering to the canal or
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