Animal experimentation and tuberculosis / E. L. Trudeau.

  • Trudeau, Edward Livingston, 1848-1915.
Date:
1913
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Animal experimentation and tuberculosis / E. L. Trudeau. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library at Yale University.

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    covery, and little attention was paid to his work until, in 1865, Villemin,3 by extensive and carefully con- trolled inoculation experiments on rabbits, confirmed Klencke's views and demonstrated beyond doubt the infectiousness of tubercle by reinoculation from animal to animal. He also obtained evidence of specificity, as control inoculations with other morbid material, such as cancer, pus, bits of pneumonic lung, etc., remained negative. He was as successful with material derived from the Perlsucht disease of cattle as with human tubercle, and thus pointed out the identity of the tuber- culous process in man and animals. From his experi- ments he reached the conclusion that the tubercle itself had nothing specific in its histology, and that the disease . must be due to a germ. Scrofula he considered some- times tuberculous and at others non-tuberculous, as he could not always produce the disease in hit! experimental animals with scrofulous products. Animal experiments were first used as a means of diagnosis by Marcet,4 in 1867, who demonstrated the tuberculous nature of material from suspected cases of tuberculosis by producing with it generalized tuberculo- sis in guinea-pigs, and Edwin Klebs5 demonstrated by animal inoculations in 1868 that the sputum of tubercu- lous patients contained an infective element which was capable of producing the disease in guinea-pigs. Damsche, in 1882, used animal inoculations to make a diagnosis of urogenital tuberculosis. While Klencke's and Villemin's results were accepted, the strife for many years continued over the interpreta- tion of these results. Meanwhile, the positive proof as to the infectiousness of tuberculosis, obtained by sub- cutaneous inoculation in animals, was supplemented by evidence brought to light by inhalation and ingestion of tuberculous material. Schweninger,7 in 1866, at first failed to infect dogs by inhalations of phthisical spu- tum, but later—1886—he succeeded; and Lippl,8 in 4. Marcet, William: The Inoculation of Animals as a Means of Diagnosis in Tuberculous Phthisis, Med.-chir. Tr London 1867 P. 437. 5. Klebs, E. : Ueber Entstehung der Tuberkulose und ihre Ver- breitung lm KOrper, Virehows Arch. f. path. Anat.. 1868, xliv 6. Damsch : Die Impfbarkeit der Tuberkulose als diagnostiches Hulfsmittel bei Urogenitalerkrankungen, Deutsch Arch f klin Med., 1882. xxxi, 78 ff. 7. Schweninger. E. : Ueber kunstlicher Erzeugung der Tuber- kulose, Gesammelte Arbeiten von Dr. E. Schweninger, Berlin, 1886, 8. Lippl : Amtl. Ber. d. 50. Versamml. deutsch. Naturforsch u. Aerzte, 1877, p. 268.