Zoological philosophy / by J.B. Lamarck ; translated, with an introduction by Hugh Elliot.

  • Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de.
Date:
1914
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Zoological philosophy / by J.B. Lamarck ; translated, with an introduction by Hugh Elliot. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by Royal College of Physicians, London. The original may be consulted at Royal College of Physicians, London.

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    influence of, 106, etc. ; afEects the shape of animals, 107 ; effect of un- favourable, 109. Erethism, definition of, 222. Evolution, factors of, 2; towards higher complexity, 49, 265 ; necessity of long periods for, 50, 69 ; method of, 130 ; of nervous system, 311-312. See also Inheritance of acquired characters. Dis- use. Exciting cause of organic movements, 211 et seq.; its components, 213 ; necessary to life, 214. Eyes, of flat-fishes, 120. Family, definition of, 24. Fatigue, causes of, 348 ; effects of, 349. Feathers, origin of, from hair, 76. Feeling, organ of, as indicating natural affinities, 31 ; not necessary to life, 208-209 ; as a faculty of animals, 273- 274 ; a function of the nervous system, 306, 322 ; a general effect, 321 ; due to physical causes, 330. Fermentation, compared with life, 185- 186 ; 214. Fertilisation, nature of, 240 ; effects of, 276. Fishes, definition of, 79 ; primary division of, 80; classification of, 156-161 ; origin of, 176. Flying squirrels, their wings, 175. Fossils, explanation of, 46. Oaleopithecus, 175. Oall and Spurzheim, on the functions of the brain, 285 ; criticism of, 368-369. Galvanism, see Subtle fluids. Genius, nature of, 390. Genus, definition of, 25. Qeoffroy de St. Hilaire, his Egyptian collections, 41. Giraffe, neck of, 122. God, power of, 36, 41 ; purpose of, 180; methods of, 342. Gordius, 176. Grasses, effect of environment on, 109. Growth, peculiar to living bodies, 193, 261. Habit, nature of, 350. Heart, development of, 278. Heat, the first cause of life, 216 ; its effects on animals, 243-244 ; a material soul, 245. Hemispheres, cerebral, see Hypocephalon. Herbivores, size of, 121. Hermaphrodites, characters of, 275. Horns, origin of, 122. Hypocephalon, the organ of intelligence, 309; distinct from the brain, 363 ; structure of, 367. Ideas, formation of, 371 ; two kinds of, 371 ; difference from sensation, 372 ; production of, 373 ; physical nature of] 374-375 ; nature of complex, 375-376. Imagination, nature of, 388-391. Inflammation, due to concentration of caloric, 213. Infusorians first established, 66; defini- tion of, 102; arise by spontaneous generation, 103 ; classification and list of genera, 134-135 ; origin of animal scale, 176 ; have no respiration, 269 ; nutrition of, 345. Inheritance of acquired characters, first and second law of, 113 ; in cultivated plants, 109; in birds, 110; in dogs, 110 ; in horses, 113 ; factors of, 114 ; accounts for webs of duck's feet, 119 ; for legs of waders, 120 ; for long necks, 120; for long tongues, 120; for asymmetrical eyes, 120 ; for the size of herbivores, 121 ; for giraffes' necks, 122 ; for the claws of carnivores, 123 ; for the shape of kangaroos, 123 ; in sloths, 125 ; in seals and walruses, 174 ; in fiying squirrels and bats, 175 ; in cetaceans, 178. See also Evolution, Disuse. Innate ideas do not exist, 330, 364, 369- 370. Inner feeling, nature of, 333 ; functions of, 334; powers of, 336 ; the source of movements, 339. Inorganic bodies, their origin, 51, 239, 258 ; comparison with living bodies, 191-194. Insects, definition of, 91 ; distinction from arachnids, 90 ; degeneration of wings among, 118; classification of, 141-146. Instinct, in animals, 350 : due to inherited habits, 352-353, 364; a true guide, 359 ; cp. with Reason, 403. Intelligence, the highest animal faculty, 279 ; absent from invertebrates, 279 ; connected with the hemispheres, 279 ; disadvantages of, 361 ; various kinds of, 362 ; basis of, 363 ; causes of, 364 ; physical nature of, 377: due to nervous fluid, 378; based upon ideas, 378 ; principal function of, 379. Invertebrates, Lamarck's earliest classifica- tion of, 64 ; general remarks on, 82. Irritability, the most general character- istic of animals, 51 ; not found in plants, 195; nature of, 227-229; different from sensibility, 228.