On the influence of the cervical portions of the sympathetic nerve and spinal cord upon the eye and its appendages, illustrated by clinical cases, with observations / by John W. Ogle.

  • John Ogle
Date:
1858
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: On the influence of the cervical portions of the sympathetic nerve and spinal cord upon the eye and its appendages, illustrated by clinical cases, with observations / by John W. Ogle. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The University of Glasgow Library. The original may be consulted at The University of Glasgow Library.

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    readies from the sixtli cervical to tlie fourth dorsal or tho- racic vertebra. Within the above limit any stimulus, chemical, galvanic, or mechanical, applied to the cord, if not too great, produces dilatation of the pupil, just indeed as if applied to the cer- vical branches of the sympathetic or to the branches passing to tlie sympathetic from this portion of the spinal cord. To this part, therefore, of the spinal cord, they gave the name of regio cilio-spinalis. It should be stated, that Majendie had previously mentioned disorganization of the eyebaU as following division of the cervical part of the spinal cord, although he did not bring forward any explanation of it. Eudge determined that the anterior and middle columns of the spinal cord are to be considered as the truest seat of influence to the iris, the influence of the motor roots of the nerves on the iris being infinitely greater than that of the sensory. He experimented largely upon mammalia, fishes, and frogs, as to the movements of the iris, and found that the latter animals were most useful as regards many experi- ments, partly because they bore a larger amount of chloro- form than the others, and partly because in their case the influence of the sympathetic upon the eye was most clearly shown. In addition to the above-named centre of nervous influence to the iris from the lower part of the cervical cord, which Budge^terms the untere central-stelle, that ob- server^ has lately described a second one, called by him the obere central-stelle, situated high up in the neighbour- hood of the so-called hypoglossal, or ninth pair of cranial nerves, the brancli or branches anastomosing between this nerve and the upper cervical ganglion of the sympathetic being the medium of the influence or communication. 1 ' Ueber die Bewegung der Iris fiir Phjsiologen und Arzte/ Braun- schweig, 1S55, p. 109. * Dr. Brown-Sequard has lately informed me that, in his belief, injury of almost any portion of the spinal cord will to a certain extent affect the pupil corresponding to the side injured. It seems, however, that if this be so, the influence of such an injury upon the pupil diminishes in pro-
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