A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE. The tree has smooth, resinous, varicolored or white bark, marked by horizontal pores (lenticels), which usually peels horizontally in thin sheets.
    

concept

Middlesex House of Correction: a man is holding a birch in his hand as he stands over a shaped wooden plank set near a window for flogging boys; a man and a woman look on. Wood engraving after M. Fitzgerald, 1874..

A tree, possibly siver birch (Betula pendula). Pencil drawing.

A German soldier washing his hair with Dr. Dralle's birch-sap shampoo. Process print after Leonhard Fries with letterpress.

A German soldier smoking a pipe washes a comrade's hair with Dr. Dralle's birch-sap shampoo. Process print after Leonhard Fries with letterpress.

Leaves of birch (Betula species). Pen drawing with pencil.

A chemical cottage / by W.S. Tait.

Birch (Betula species): twigs and catkins. Pen and pencil drawings.

The vaccine scourge, in answer to the calumnies and falsehoods, lately circulated with great industry by that extraordinary surgeon, Mr. Birch, and other anti-vaccinists.

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The vaccine scourge, in answer to the calumnies and falsehoods, lately circulated with great industry by that extraordinary surgeon, Mr. Birch, and other anti-vaccinists.