Specification of Josias Christopher Gamble : apparatus for the concentration and crystallization of aluminous and other solutions.

  • Gamble, Josias Christopher.
Date:
1854
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Specification of Josias Christopher Gamble : apparatus for the concentration and crystallization of aluminous and other solutions. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Gamble's Apparatus for the Concentration $c. of certain Solutions, <fc. extending to within a foot of the farther end. The fire is placed in front of and below this arch. The flame passes below the arch till it reaches the lower end of the cylinder; it then rises and returns above the arch, and enters the chimney. K, L, a pipe to clear off any sediment that may fall from the water to the bottom of the outer cylinder. M, a similar pipe for cleaning the 5 top of the middle cylinder. The outmost vessel, though called a cylinder, is not strictly so. It is made smaller at its semi-globular end, in order to receive a number of stout cylindrical hoops like those used in shoeing strong cart wheels. These are driven firmly on the cylinder, and add greatly to its power of resisting pressure. At the circular end of the boiler may be placed the 10 steam and feeding pipes as at N, 0. The advantages of this apparatus I conceive to be theseFirst, the form of the outward cylinder, and the strong hoops of malleable iron by which it is surrounded, give it great power of resisting the force of high pressure steam. Second, the lengthened circuit given to the flame by means of the returning flue greatly oeconomizes 15 heat. Third, the medial fluid being capable of heating the water in the boiler within thirty degrees of its own temperature, gives us the command of very high pressure steam. If fixed oil, for instance, were the medial fluid, the water jn the boiler might be safely raised to four hundred degrees of temperature, which would put under our command a power not hitherto successfully cm- go ployed by the steam engine. Fourth, with this apparatus we can work in perfect security, and dispenee with the use of valves. Let the outer cylinder be made of sufficient strength to resist the force of steam raised to the temperature of the boiling point of the medial fluid, and it is evident an explo¬ sion can never happen, because the boiling water, receiving it heat from the g5 medium, never can become hotter than that medium. And as the mediums, not being confined by pressure, can never be raised above its boiling point, so the boiling water can never exceed, or even reach, that boiling point. Ihus, notwithstanding the vastly encreasing force of high pressure steam, it will be always in our power, by means of the strong hoops of malleable iron above 30 referred to, to give to the outer boiler a power of resistance greater than the force of steam applied to it. The middle cylinder, from its form and position, will always be superior to any force it can have to bear. When the medial fluid consists of animal or vegetable oil, it will be advisable to confine its tempera¬ ture considerably below its boiling point, say to about four hundred degrees of So Farnh4, to guard against its decomposition. For the same reason, the middle cylinder should be kept completely covered with boiling watei. Should the medial fluid at any time boil into the reservoir, it is an indication of the engine rising too high a temperature, and, consequently, of the excessive force of the